The cooperative innovation can bring competition from individual enterprise to heavy colony reduce trade expenses and production cost promote the joint development of enterprise technology increase the economic profits of the two sides improve the innovative environment of enterprises cluster .

合作创新把竞争从单个企业之间提升到更大的群体之间，可以降低 交易 费用和生产成本，推动企业技术的联合开发，增加合作双方的经济收益，改善企业集群的创新环境。

Trade income and expenses will be balanced gradually till mid of90 's there will even be surplus .

贸易 收支会慢慢趋于平衡，到90年代中期甚至会出现盈余。

Adapting the needs of balance both in trade and international income and expenses by means of stable exchange rate depreciation of RMB promoting the increase of export trade .

适应 贸易收支平衡以及国际 收支平衡的需要，通过稳步的人民币汇率贬值，推动出口贸易增长。

The action selection of the government and the farmer impacted from development of economy social system and trade expenses .

政府和农户行为同时受到经济发展水平、制度、 交易 费用和社会文化背景等因素的影响。

It means the green international trade barriers and the high production expenses .

这对国内 手机厂家来说意味着绿色国际 贸易壁垒和高昂的 回收 费用。

On the contrary there are close layer or half close layer of enterprise group formulated by enterprise net with weak motion when the special-purpose of intermediate goods is weak and trade expenses are low .

反之，当中间产品的专用性很弱且 市场 交易 费用很低时，企业之间存在弱动因通过建立企业网络形成企业集团的紧密层或半紧密层。

The internet business benefits the consumers and reduces the trade expenses .

网上金融业务的出现，便利了消费者也降低了 交易 费用。

In Chapter 3 the effect of the manufacturing transfer to China is appraised with the related indexes of productivity and trade income and expenses .

第三章从生产率层面和 贸易 收支层面来评价我国制造业转移的效果。

An Empirical Study on Trade Expenses of Chinese Private Enterprises

我国私营企业 交易 费用的实证分析

Overestimation of exchange rate will lead to deterioration of trade income and expenses which influences the stabilization of capital markets and causes current crisis and debt crisis . Consequently it is harmful to the competition of domestic industry employment and social stabilization .

汇率高估会导致 贸易 收支恶化，影响资本市场稳定，引发货币危机和债务危机，对内则损害国内产业竞争力，影响资本积累，造成税收 损失，不利于就业和稳定。

The contractual theory of the firm is the theory origin of studying corporate governance mainly including the trade expenses theory the group production theory and the principal-agent theory .

企业契约理论是研究公司治理结构的理论渊源，主要包括 交易 费用理论、团队生产理论和委托代理理论。

The ownership organizing system of modern enterprises is the organizing innovation of economizing trade expenses having the incomparable advantage over classical enterprise . However the separation of ownership and operation in modern enterprise brings about the issue of agency .

现代公司的产权组织模式是节约 交易 费用的组织创新，具有古典式企业不可比拟的优越性，但现代企业经营权和所有权的分离又带来了代理问题。

Human Relationships and Trade Expenses under the Informal System

非正式制度下人际关系与 交易 费用

Trade expenses theory main research the relation of enterprise and market border of enterprise and the reason of enterprise in existence the group production theory is with a view to study institutional framework and agent relation in enterprises inside enterprises .

交易 费用理论主要研究企业与市场的关系、企业的边界及企业存在的原因，而团队生产理论则着眼于研究企业内部的组织结构和企业中的代理关系。

From the development course of the money the changes of the monetary system are for improving the speed of money flow reducing the monetary circulation costs thus reduce the trade expenses of the goods .

从货币的发展历程可以看出：货币制度的变迁是为了提高货币流通速度、降低货币流通费用，从而降低商品 交易 费用。

Combining the nature with characteristics of the service system provided by agencies the function of agencies in reducing the trade cost of the dynamic alliance is discussed from the angle of the trade expenses .

结合中介服务体系的性质和特点，从 交易 费用的角度讨论了中介服务在减少动态联盟中的交易成本的作用。

System as one rare resource it has the functions that can reduce trade expenses and create the favorable environment conditions for technological innovation and it can offer the incentive mechanism of carrying on the technological innovation activities to people too .

制度作为一种稀缺资源，它可以起到降低 交易 费用、为技术创新创造良好的环境条件等功能，也可以为人们提供进行技术创新活动的激励机制。

Because of no credit whether it is the real object of the barter to trade or modern finance that data conduct can 't run at the low risk over the high bargain expenses are bound to bring the unbearable heavy burden of the economic system .

因为离开了信用，无论是以货易货的实物 交易还是数据传导的现代金融都无法低风险运行，过高的交易 费用势必会带来经济系统的不堪重负。

Industrial organization theory trade expenses theory and system changes theory is the theoretical foundation .

产业组织理论、 交易 费用理论、制度变迁理论、 合作 分工理论以及平均理论的分析使得农业产业化分析具有深厚的理论基础。

IMF played an important role in improving the collaboration international currency promoting the expansion and balancing development of international trade instituting the rules and order of international income and expenses as well as exchange rate .

imf在促进国际货币合作，促进国际 贸易的扩大和平衡发展，促进国际汇兑的稳定，制定国际 收支与汇率的规则与秩序等方面，发挥了重要的作用。

The social capital of entrepreneurs plays an irreplaceable part in obtaining coordinating and organizing resources saving trade expenses and improving the management effectiveness of enterprises .

企业家社会资本对于获取资源、协调和组织资源以及节约 交易 费用，提高企业经营绩效有着不可替代的作用。

The electronic money has not only reduced information cost and trade expenses effectively but also expanded the time and space of trade .

电子货币有效地降低了信息成本和 交易 费用，拓展了交易的时间和空间。

There were mainly 4 kinds of trade expenses at the initial development stage of Chinese private enterprises such as the trade expenses between enterprises and governments regulation expenses the trade expenses inside enterprises and the constant expenses of enterprises .

我国私营企业发展初期 交易 费用的类型主要有：企业与政府的交易费用（或称为准入费用）；规制费用；

Some views think that economics should pay more attention to the study on system making analysis to the questions under the great background to the system for example property right market mechanism trade expenses public to choose assign etc. ;

有观点认为经济学应重在制度的研究，对制度变迁这一大背景下的产权、市场机制与 交易 费用、公共选择、分配等问题做出分析；

Information asymmetry exists in market trade widely and damages the function of market . And agent system works greatly on developing scope of subject legal act improving the efficiency of resource disposition reducing the cost of trade expenses .

信息不对称广泛地存在于市场交易中并损害市场的功能，而代理制度在拓展主体的法律行为空间、提高资源配置的效率、降低市场 交易 费用等方面表现出巨大的经济绩教。

The such trust financing behavior of assets based on trust of enterprise its financing cost and financing trade expenses are relatively low can improve the financial structure of enterprises and can raise the utilization efficiency of trust assets of enterprises .

这种基于信托的企业资产融资行为的融资成本及融资 交易 费用相对较低，可以改善企业的财务结构，能够提高企业信托资产的利用效率。

In the later development stage of our private economy three factors caused the increase in expenses : one is the increasing trade expenses inside the enterprises ;

企业的经常性费用。我国私营经济发展后期，诸多因素造成交易费用增加：一是企业内部 交易 费用剧增。

Trade Expenses Measurement and Generalized Price

交易 费用计量与广义价格

System Selection of Decreasing Trade Expenses of Primary Products

降低农产品 交易 费用的制度选择