Underground economy refers to the economic activities which income is not declared to the government and which is out of control of government and taxation management and which output value is not included in GDP .

所谓 地下 经济是指由于各种原因而没有向当地政府申报收入，从而导致政府无法实施对 地下 经济施行控制和税收管理，其产值并未纳入国民经济生产总值的那部分经济活动。

The third chapter studies the strategy and countermeasure of china 's underground economy .

第三章研究了我国对 地下 经济进行干预的战略及对策，提出治理我国 地下 经济的对策和进行非正规 部门核算的必要性。

Analysis and Research of Underground Economy in Terms of Game Theory

地下 经济现象的博弈分析和研究

Accurate estimation of tax evasion size is a precondition and basis of analyzing its effects on economy . Employing the method of cash ratio the paper estimates underground economy size and tax evasion size caused by underground economy from 1985 to 2002 in China .

准确地把握逃税规模是对选税的经济影响进行分析的前提和基础，本文运用现金比率法对我国自1985年到2002年 地下 经济规模和因地下经济导致的逃税规模进行了测算。

From the 1950s to now economists of the underground economy made an extraordinary dedication .

从20世纪50年代至今， 地下经济学家们在该研究领域做出了突破性的贡献，构造出了具有一定价值的 地下 经济估测方法。

The phenomenon of underground economy and tax evasion exists all over the world the two is closely related .

地下 经济行为和偷逃税现象在世界各国都存在，二者之间存在密不可分的关系。

Spread of underground economy influence the whole economy environment .

地下 经济的蔓延对整个社会经济环境产生了严重的影响。

Forecast of the Underground Economy Scale in China Based on Improved Cash Ratio Model

基于现金比率模型改进的我国 地下 经济规模测算

Meanwhile this study also tentatively discussed some positive influences and this can help us understanding the characters of underground economy more deeply . Besides this paper made an effort to study of the regional distribution in china .

与此同时，本文也就 地下 经济的部分有益影响进行了初步探索，这一认识有助于更全面的理解 地下 经济的性质。此外，本文还对 地下 经济发展的区域与国际发展情况进行了初步探索。

First chapter is to the present introductions of the underground economy in China .

第二章在介绍中国 地下 经济现状的基础上对其进行了概括分析。

Therefore firstly the author tries to define the meaning of the underground economy .

因此本文在这一部分中，首先针对目前 地下 经济范畴界定的不统一性，对 地下 经济及相关范畴进行了探讨；

The report sheds light on the thriving underground economy where stolen bank account and identity details are traded in Internet chat rooms .

这份报告揭示了蓬勃发展的 地下 经济在网络聊天室交易被盗的银行账户和身份细节。

Obviously it is hard for us to measure the products of Underground Economy in national accounts .

在 地下 经济核算研究方面，西方国家已经取得了开创性的成果。

Until Second World War period some scholars only started to these economic phenomena to conduct the research contained the underground economy research .

直到第二次世界大战期间，一些学者才开始对这些经济现象进行研究，其中也包含了对 地下 经济的研究。

Thus the reason for main capitalism countries put underground economy into important position is apparent .

因此，主要资本主义国家把 地下 经济研究放在重要位置来研究是不言而喻的了。

A new report helps to shed some light on how the underground economy has developed in one particularly worrying but potentially transformative way .

新发布的一项报告有助于外界了解朝鲜 地下 经济是如何以一种特别令人担忧、但或许能带来变革的方式不断发展的。

However there is quite large obstacle in the quantitative study because of the complexion and secretion of the underground economy .

然而，由于 地下 经济本身的复杂性和隐蔽性，对它的定量研究一直存在着相当大的障碍。

Because of the transaction costs while engaging in economic activities people are faced with two alternatives : underground economy or overground economy .

由于交易成本的存在，使人们在进行经济活动时，面临着地上 经济还是 地下 经济的选择。

The basic nature of underground economy is to escape from taxation and government'supervision .

地下 经济最本质的特征是逃避税收和政府监管。

The author find out that underground economy will exert adversely effects on policymaking social structure market system economic security and social welfare .

作者指出 地下 经济对政策制定、社会结构、市场机制、经济安全、社会福利等方面均会产生不利影响。

The practical investigated result of macro-economy is quite different from the traditional economic theories . So it made economic circles began to examine the traditional economic theory again and the study of the underground economy provides another new angle of view for solving the stagflation in western countries .

宏观经济的实际观察结果和传统的经济理论不一致，使得经济学界开始重新审视传统经济理论，而对 地下 经济的研究为解决西方的滞胀现象提供了另一种全新的视角。

They could only throw themselves into the underground economy developing violence and drugs advocating street culture seeking for the choice of moving towards to social marginalization .

他们只能投身 地下 经济，发展暴力与毒品，崇尚街道文化，“寻求着走向社会边缘化的抉择”。

The Scale of Tax Evasion in Underground Economy and Open Economy in China : Measurement and Implications

对我国 地下和公开 经济中税收流失规模的测算及启示

The limitation that exists in cash ratio model used to evaluate the underground economy scale is analyzed and necessary modification is made on the model .

在指出现有对 地下 经济规模进行测算的现金比率模型所存在的缺陷基础之上，对其进行了必要的修正，并采用修正后的现金比率法模型测算了 1995~2003年 我 国 的 地下 经济规模。

There is tax evasion in underground economy and open economy .

摘要 地下 经济和公开经济中都存在着税收流失。

Speaking in Texas close to the border with Mexico Mr Obama said bringing illegal immigrants out of the underground economy would be good for the country as a whole .

在得克萨斯与墨西哥边境处发表讲话时，奥巴马称，总体来说，将非法移民从 地下 经济中挽救出来对美国来说是好事。

Study on the Methods of Measuring the Scale of the Underground Economy

地下 经济规模估测方法研究

Research on the Tax Rate 's Influence on Chinese Underground Economy Scale : An Empirical Study Based on the Variant Model and VAR Model

税率对 地下 经济规模的影响：基于可变参数模型和VAR模型的分析

The coordination of regional economy is a crucial problem for a big country like china ; This paper tried to cover gaps in the ignorance of underground economy in regional study .

区域经济的协调发展对大国而言至关重要，本文的研究在一定程度上弥补了现有区域研究忽略 地下 经济问题的局限。