Methods Based on penalized least squares the penalized weighted sum of squares is set up . The choice of smoothing parameter can be obtained automatically by using generalized cross-validation score and equation set can be solved .

方法利用最小惩罚二乘原理构造 加权惩罚 平方和，通过广义交互有效得分函数自动选择光滑参数值，用直接 法求解方程组。