The rates of the fertilization and the development of D-shaped larvae decreased with increasing irradiation time while the survival rate of trochophore larvae became improved at UV exposure longer than 20 s suggesting the presence of a Hertwig effect in the gynogenesis of C.

随着照射时间的增加，受精率和D形幼虫发生率明显下降。而照射时间超过20s， 担 轮幼虫存活率逐渐提高，表明Hertwig效应的存在。

The cells in the centre of the trochophore showed very strong positive NSE and strong positive POD .

在 担 轮 幼虫 期， 中央 的 内脏 团 原基呈NSE极强阳性或POD强阳性，其余细胞则呈NSE强阳性或POD阳性。

Embryonic development period including 4 stages : gastrula stage early trochophore stage in egg membrane late trochophore stage in egg membrane and at the moment of hatching stage ;

胚胎发育阶段有4个时期：原肠期、 担 轮 幼体早期、 担 轮 幼体晚期和担轮幼体孵化瞬期。

The arrested gastrulae and trochophore were found significantly higher in treated groups than that in controls during 48h post-fertilization .

至受精后48h，诱导组滞育的原肠胚和 担 轮 幼虫 比例显著高于对照组。

The chromosome karyotype of Barnea dilatata was studied on its trochophore by means of hot-dropping method .

以宽壳全 海笋 担 轮幼虫为材料，采用热滴片法进行染色体核型分析。

A high level expression of Cf-boule was observed in the putative PGCs and several cells above velum in trochophore and disappeared in following stages .

担 轮 幼虫的原生殖细胞和面盘上方少数细胞中可见 Cf-boule的高水平表达，但在随后的发育中消失。

To 7 days ' larve after hatching larvae mostly lived on copepod nauplii copepodites and trochophore of Polychaeta in water of the earthen ponds apart from feeding on particulate organic detritus .

孵化后5～7日龄仔鱼基本上依靠摄食 土池水体中的桡足类无节幼体、桡足幼体和多毛类 担 轮幼体，但还摄食少量的颗粒有机碎屑。

The putative PGCs with Cf-vasa expression form in gastrula stage and are located symmetrically at both sides of the stomodeum in trochophore . These cells subsequently migrate to the posterior pole of D-shaped larva and then migrate towards abdomen .

表达 Cf-vasa的原生殖细胞形成于原肠胚时期，在 担 轮 幼虫中对称分布于口凹两侧，并随幼虫发育迁移至D型幼虫末端后，继续沿边缘向腹面迁移。