The implementation of congestion pricing brings to the maximization of social surplus but leads the loss of users'surplus and causes the problems in social equity .

通过拥挤收费使得社会 剩余达到最大，同时导致用户剩余的损失，并衍生社会 公平性问题。

The simplest definition of EVA is the surplus profit after deducting the cost of the liabilities and the shareholders ' equity from net operating profits . The most prominent advantage of EVA lies in that it takes the cost of all production elements into consideration .

EVA最为简单的定义是公司净经营利润扣除债务和 股权资本成本的利润 余额，相对传统的 会计利润，EVA最大的优点在于其考虑了所有生产要素的成本。

Chapter III presents the assumptions of this article assume that by adding the ultimate controller R & D growth debt and other variables can ease the surplus and a negative correlation between equity value and improve the pricing model .

第三章提出了本文的假设，假设加入终极控制人变量及R&D、成长性、债务等控制变量后可以缓解 盈余 与 权益价值的负相关关系，改善定价模型。

The ultimate controller of the variable separately introduced into the price of the model can alleviate the surplus and a negative correlation between the equity value of significantly improved pricing models .

将终极控制人变量单独引入到价格模型中，能够缓解 盈余 与 权益价值的负相关关系，显著的改善定价模型。