A variety of human medical materials such as artificial ureters artificial body cavity drainage tube artificial venous catheters artificial blood dialysis or peritoneal dialysis artificial tracheal intubation artificial heart valves artificial bone artificial vocal cords and other widely used .

各种人工生物材料如人工导尿管、人工体腔引流管、人工 静脉导管、人工血液透析或腹膜透析管、人工气管插管、人工心脏 瓣膜、人工骨、人工声带等广泛使用。

The main passage for venous counter current flow in the retrograde flap is through the regional inactive venous valves .

静脉 瓣节段性失效是此型皮瓣静脉回流的主要方式。

Applied anatomy of the azygos venous course valves and the connections between azygos venous system and internal vertebral venous plexus

奇 静脉行径和 瓣膜以及奇静脉系与椎内静脉丛连结的应用解剖

Morphologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of bovine jugular venous conduit with valves

牛颈 静脉带 瓣管道结构特性及流体动力学的实验研究

Results There were 2 ~ 3 group valves in the bovine jugular venous conduit with 3 or 2 valves in each group .

结果：牛颈 静脉管道常有2～3组瓣膜，瓣 叶菲薄、透明。

Elucidating the positions shape and functions of venous valves in deep and superficial venous stem and its communicating branches observing their affects on the venous blood circulation .

观测皮瓣深、浅静脉干及其交通支内 静脉 瓣部位、形态、功能及对静脉间血液流通的影响；

Conclusions : A medial incision along the middle segment of the arm is the optimal approach to get basilic or brachial venous segment contained adequate valves .

结论：在臂中段内侧作切口是截取带瓣贵要静脉或肱 静脉段的最适 位置。

Conclusion Part of the bovine jugular venous conduit has well developed valves with strong ability against reflowing .

结论：部分牛颈 静脉具有发育良好的 瓣膜，抗返流特性好。

Applied anatomy of the dorsal veins of foot and its venous valves

足背浅静脉及其 瓣膜的应用解剖

Anatomic study on the development of superficial venous valves

皮肤 静脉 瓣膜形成的分析

Methods 49 patients with venous valvular insufficiency were examined using 2-D color Doppler flow imaging to observe the anatomic structures of valves and hemodynamics of venous flow in legs .

方法应用二维彩色多普勒血流显像检查下肢静脉 瓣功能不全49例，观察下肢 静脉血管及瓣膜的解剖结构和血流动力学的改变。

Morphological characteristics of popliteal venous valves and its clinical significance

腘 静脉 瓣膜的形态特点及其临床意义

Methods : The morphological feature of the cardiac veins the venous valves and the anastomoses of superficial cardiac veins were investigated in 100 pig hearts by routine dissection and ABS resin cast methods .

方法：采用大体解剖及丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯的共聚树酯（ABS）铸型方法，观测100例猪心静脉、 静脉 瓣及静脉吻合。

Pelvic venous plexus are rich and have no valves abundant collateral circulation not only to connect the inferior vena cava but with the intraspinal venous system connected if they are bleeding they accumulate in the retroperitoneal and difficult to stop .

骨盆中 静脉丛丰富，且无 瓣膜，侧支循环丰富，不仅连接下腔静脉，而且与椎管内静脉系统相连，若一旦出血，很难止血，出血积聚在后腹膜。

Clinical Anatomy of Venous Valves of Lower Limb

下肢主要深、 浅 静脉 瓣的应用解剖

By the technique of vascular cast and scanning electron microscopy the shape of superficial venous valves at each developping stage was studied .

用血管塑料铸型、电镜扫描观察的方法，对皮肤 静脉 瓣膜形成过程中不同阶段的形态变化进行了研究。

Objective To determine the morphologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of bovine jugular venous conduit with valves .

目的：探讨牛颈 静脉带 瓣管道 结构形态及其流体动力学特性。

The system suggests that the action of the venous valve possesses an intrinsic dynamic activity . When valves are u (?)

此系统的存在，首先提示了瓣膜活动有主动作用， 临床 学家实施 静脉瓣膜 移植或研制人造 瓣膜时，必须关注这个基础理论。

Relation between Orientation of Venous Valves in Communicating Branches and Dorsalis Pedis Flap Transplantation

足背深浅 静脉交通支的 瓣膜朝向与皮瓣移植的关系